Defences against brood parasites from a social immunity perspective

What's bugging brood parasites?

Brown-headed cowbirds (Molothrus ater) might reduce populations of the songbird species they parasitize, including endangered species. Data are therefore needed on the frequency with which cowbirds use different species of foster parents. Hahn et al. propose a clever new approach by which the identity of foster parents can be inferred from host-specific lice the cowbirds acquire as nestlings. W...

f/sla from learner perspectives: a social activity or a cognitive process

in the past couple of decades sociocultural theory of sla and its implications in efl contexts have attracted attentions of research circles worldwide and aroused some controversies. firth and wagner (1997) have questioned the principles of the cognitive view which gives importance to mental constructs in favor of sociocultural view which highlights social and contextual constructs. but if soci...

Understanding Infertility: Psychological and Social Considerations from a Counselling Perspective

This article provides an overview of the psychological and social implications of infertility. After describing the evolution of current theoretical understanding in this area, it outlines typical emotional and gender-specific reactions as well as the impact of infertility on the concept of identity and loss. Key questions are presented that medical professionals can use in order to facilitate ...

Ups and downs of mucosal cellular immunity against protozoan parasites.

Behavioural defences in animals against pathogens and parasites: parallels with the pillars of medicine in humans.

No other theme in animal biology seems to be more central than the concept of employing strategies to survive and successfully reproduce. In nature, controlling or avoiding pathogens and parasites is an essential fitness strategy because of the ever-present disease-causing organisms. The disease-control strategies discussed here are: physical avoidance and removal of pathogens and parasites; qu...